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Toono No.2
Parents: Norin No.1 (seed parent) and Shonaiwase (pollen parent). Crossed in 1932. Bred by Konosu Testing Site, National Agricultural Experiment Station (cross) → Tono Testing Site, Iwate Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station (a Ministry-designated famine-prevention testing site).
Enkei No.3 TOK0000030
Pedigree
Skip the diagram and read the listParents
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Norin No.1 seed parent
Hokuriku No.4 ・ High yielding with good grain quality and eating quality; susceptible to rice blast
Sources: イネ品種データベース検索システム「遠系3号（水稲遠野2号）」品種来歴文書
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Shonaiwase pollen parent
Sources: イネ品種データベース検索システム「遠系3号（水稲遠野2号）」品種来歴文書
Descendants
Relations are counted along the shortest line of descent. The rows in the diagram follow the order of crosses, so a variety with more than one path down can sit lower in the diagram than its relation here suggests.
The fourth case of Norin No.1 as the mother
"Paddy Rice Toono No.2" was crossed in 1932 at the Konosu Testing Site of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Agricultural Experiment Station, taking "Norin No.1" as the mother and "Shonaiwase" as the father; in 1935, at the very founding of the Tono Testing Site of the Iwate Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station (a Ministry-designated famine-prevention testing site), the F3 seed was received there
The cross was made in 1932, with Paddy Rice Norin No.1 as the mother.
On this site Norin No.1 appears on the mother's side in Paddy Rice Aiko No.2, Paddy Rice Fujisaka No.4, Paddy Rice Norin No.42 — and now this makes four. Nine documents put it on the father's side. We can say which is commoner; we cannot find the rule.
The seed arrived the year the testing site opened
in 1935, at the very founding of the Tono Testing Site … the F3 seed was received there
At the very founding. The Tono Testing Site came into being in 1935, and the F3 seed arrived that same year.
Paddy Rice Aiko No.2's page sets out the famine-prevention trial — from 1935 the Ministry designated the agricultural experiment stations of all six Tohoku prefectures and paid the whole of their costs. The Ayashi site in Miyagi and this Tono site in Iwate were both founded in 1935.
Two testing sites born the same year, each producing one child of Norin No.1 — and each line named "No.3."
| Testing site | Line name | Variety name | Named | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miyagi | Ayashi (founded 1935) | Aikei No.3 → A-kei No.3 | Paddy Rice Aiko No.2 | March 1943 |
| Iwate | Tono (founded 1935) | Enkei No.3 | Paddy Rice Toono No.2 | March 1940 |
The variety names come from the testing sites' names too.
The signature still reads Agriculture and Forestry
The preface is almost word for word Aiko No.2's. What differs is the end.
March 1941, Agricultural Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Aiko No.2's preface reads "March 1944, Agricultural Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce" — the signature of the years when the agriculture and commerce ministries were merged.
The same preface, three years apart, under two different ministries. A source's signature copies the shape of the state at the time it was written.
The comparisons are with landraces
"Paddy Rice Toono No.2" is non-glutinous; it heads slightly later than the landrace "Muika-wase" but ripens slightly earlier, and in Iwate Prefecture belongs to the mid-maturing class. Its resistance to cold water appears considerably stronger than "Muika-wase"'s, and about level with the landrace "Sekiyama No.2"'s.
The document says "landrace" of the varieties it compares with.
The historical documents on this site usually compare against varieties carrying Norin or regional numbers. Obakowase is set against Norin No.1 and Rikuu No.132; Wakakusa against Honenwase, Koshijiwase and Tarehonami — all bred varieties.
Toono No.2 is set against Muika-wase and Sekiyama No.2 — what farmers in that country were actually growing.
Because it was a variety for preventing famine. If what it replaces is a landrace, the yardstick is a landrace. The comparisons carry the place a variety was put.
The culm is slightly shorter than "Muika-wase"'s, and tillering is extremely heavy.
"Extremely heavy." This is the only place the documents use "extremely" of tillering.
Sources disagree
How the seed parent of Norin No.1 is written
- Moritawase, written 森多早生 — イネ品種データベース検索システム 交配系譜図「北陸4号」
- Moritawase, written 森田早稲 — イネ品種データベース検索システム「北陸4号（水稲農林1号）」品種来歴文書
The two spellings appear in the same NARO database, in the pedigree field and in the historical document respectively. We use the pedigree field's spelling and list the other.
How Kamenoo No.4 is written
- 亀の尾4号 — イネ品種データベース検索システム 交配系譜図「陸羽132号」
- 亀ノ尾4号 (the common spelling)
We follow the NARO database. The commonly seen spelling uses a katakana no; we prefer the spelling we can cite.
On naming
Variety names are proper nouns. We use a name in this language only where a published source for it can be cited; otherwise the Japanese name stands.
What we have not yet confirmed
We have not looked below the top twenty
The site covers the twenty most widely planted varieties of the 2024 crop and the varieties that connect them back to Koshihikari. Many descendants exist below that line; we have not yet verified them against primary sources.
The year Masshigura was crossed
Neither Aomori Prefecture's table of recommended-variety characteristics nor the NARO database gives the year Masshigura (Aokei No.138) was crossed. The cross itself, Ou No.341 / Yamagata No.40, and its adoption as a recommended variety in fiscal 2004 are confirmed from primary sources; the year of the cross is not. For the same reason we do not say which parent was the seed parent. On 8 October 2026 we went back to the breeder's own side. The Masshigura page in the variety database of the Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center's Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute carries a heading reading “The origin of Masshigura” — with nothing under it. Of the institute's bulletins, only No.42 (2015) onward are online, and the issue that would hold the breeding report for Masshigura is not among them. So the year of the cross is absent from the breeder's own published material as well.
Sources
The source document is in Japanese.
- イネ品種データベース検索システム 交配系譜図「越南17号」 — Institute of Crop Science, NARO ・ primary source ・ accessed 2026-09-10
- イネ品種データベース検索システム「北陸4号（水稲農林1号）」品種来歴文書 — Institute of Crop Science, NARO ・ primary source ・ accessed 2026-09-10
- イネ品種データベース検索システム 交配系譜図「北陸4号」 — Institute of Crop Science, NARO ・ primary source ・ accessed 2026-09-10
- イネ品種データベース検索システム「北陸4号を親とする品種一覧」（全263行） — Institute of Crop Science, NARO ・ primary source ・ accessed 2026-10-01
- イネ品種データベース検索システム 交配系譜図「陸羽132号」 — Institute of Crop Science, NARO ・ primary source ・ accessed 2026-09-10
- イネ品種データベース検索システム 交配系譜図「陸羽20号」 — Institute of Crop Science, NARO ・ primary source ・ accessed 2026-09-10
- コシヒカリのエピソード1 〜交配から系統の育成まで〜 — Niigata Prefectural Government ・ primary source ・ accessed 2026-09-10
- イネ品種データベース検索システム「遠系3号（水稲遠野2号）」品種来歴文書 — Institute of Crop Science, NARO ・ primary source ・ accessed 2026-10-01